System Units

RAM

RAM is known as Random-access memory is a chip that holds the program with a sequence of instruction and data that the computer is presently processing. It is a temporary or volatile storage because everything in most types of RAM. RAM is the most common type of memory found in computers and other devices, such as printers.

Cache Memory

Cache memory is which improve processing by acting as a temporary high-speed holding area between the chip and the computer. As the microprocessor processes data, it looks first in the cache memory and if it finds the data there (from a previous reading of data), it does not have to do the more time-consuming reading of data from larger memory. Cache memory is sometimes described in levels of closeness and accessibility to the microprocessor.

ROM

Read-only memory (ROM) is a class of storage medium used in computers and other electronic devices. Data stored in ROM cannot be modified, or can be modified only slowly or with difficulty, so it is mainly used to distribute firmware (software that is very closely tied to specific hardware and unlikely to need frequent updates).

Flash Memory

Flash memory is a type of memory that does not lose its contents when power is removed. It is used to store information about a computer’s configuration. There are 3 types of unit that a flash drive have. There are Megabyte (MB) which has a capacity of 1 million byte, Gigabyte (GB) which has a capacity of 1 billion byte, and Terabyte (TB) which has a capacity of 1 trillion bytes.

Graphic Card

Graphics card is an expansion card whose function is to generate output images to a display. Most video cards offer added functions, such as accelerated rendering of 3D scenes and 2D graphics, video capture, TV-tuner adapter, MPEG-2/MPEG-4 decoding, FireWire, light pen, TV output, or the ability to connect multiple monitors (multi-monitor). It is connect the system board to the computer’s monitor. The card converts the internal electronic signals to video signals so they can be displayed on the monitor.

Sound Card

A sound card (also known as an audio card) is an internal computer expansion card that facilitates the input and output of audio signals to and from a computer under control of computer programs. Sound card is also applied to external audio interfaces that use software to generate sound, as opposed to using hardware inside the PC. It convert internal electronic signal to audio signals so they can be heard from external speakers.

Network Interface Card

Network interface controller is a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a computer network. This form of communication network whereby users can share data, programs, and hardware. The network controller implements the electronic circuitry required to communicate using a specific physical layer and data link layer standard such as Ethernet, Wi-Fi, or Token Ring. This provides a base for a full network protocol stack, allowing communication among small groups of computers on the same LAN and large-scale network communications through routable protocols, such as IP.

Plug and Play

Plug and Play is the ability for a computer to recognize and configure a device without human interaction. Plug and play refers to both the boot-time assignment of device resources, and to hotplug systems such as USB and Firewire. It has become a generic term that is associated with the ability to plug any device into a computer and have it play or work immediately.

Serial Port

Serial Port is used for a wide variety of purposes. They are often used to connect a mouse, keyboard, modem, and many other devices to the system unit. It send data one bit at a time and are very good for sending information over a long distance.

Parallel Port

Parallel Port is used to connect external devices that need to send or receive a lot of data over a short distance. These ports typically send eight bits of data simultaneously across eight parallel wires. Parallel ports are mostly used to connect printers to the system unit.

Universal Serial Bus Port

Short for USB, a specification to establish communication between devices and a host controller (usually a personal computer), which supports data transfer rates of 12 Mbps. It have virtually replaced serial and parallel ports. They are faster, and one USB can be used to connect several devices to the system unit.

Firewire Port

Firewire ports are forms of a serial port that make use of FireWire technology to transfer data rapidly from one electronic device to another. As a multi-platform serial bus, the FireWire port has the ability to interact with a number of different devices. It have comparable speed to USB 2.0 ports and provide connections to specialized FireWire devices such as camcorders ans storage devices.

Ethernet Port

 

Ethernet port is an opening on computer network equipment that Ethernet cables plug into. These ports are alternatively called jacks or sockets. It accepts cables within RJ-45 connectors. It is a high-speed networking port that has become a standard for many of today’s computers. Ethernet allow users to connect to multiple computers for sharing files, or to a DSL or cable modem for high-speed Internet access.

High Definition Multimedia Interface

High-Definition Multimedia Interface which is short for HDMI is a compact audio/video interface for transmitting uncompressed digital data. This port provides high-definition video and audio, making it possible to use a computer as a video junkbox or an HD video recorder. It is independent of the various HDTV standards such as ATSC, DVB (-T,-S,-C), as these are encapsulations of the MPEG data streams, which are passed off to a decoder, and output as uncompressed high-resolution video data. This video data is then encoded into TMDS for transmission digitally over HDMI. HDMI also includes support for 8-channel uncompressed digital audio.  

Basic And Specialized Software Application

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

A GUI is the information and actions available to a user through graphical icons and visual indicators. For example, secondary notation, as opposed to text-based interfaces, typed command labels or text navigation. It is also to take advantages of the computer's graphics capabilities to make the program easier to use.

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Word Processor

It’s a program that is capable of creating, storing, and printing documents and also processes words. It also processes paragraphs, pages, and entire papers. Some examples of word processing programs include Microsoft Word, WordPerfect (Windows only), AppleWorks (Mac only), and OpenOffice.org.

Spreadsheet

Spreadsheet is an arrangement of a mathematical matrix which contains a multicolumn analysis of related entries for easy reference on a single sheet. It’s uses table of values that are arranged in rows and columns. Each value can have a predefined relationship to the other values. Rows are typically labeled using numbers (1, 2, 3, etc.), while columns are labeled with letters (A, B, C, etc). Individual row/column locations, such as C3 or B12, are referred to as cells. Each cell can each store a unique instance of data. The row/column structure also allows the data to be analyzed using formulas and calculations.

DBMS

DBMS is Database management system which is software that controls the organization, storage, retrieval, security and integrity of data in a database. It let information systems be changed more easily as the organization's requirements change. New categories of data can be added to the database without disruption to the existing system.

Utility Suites

A Utility suite is a collection of computer programs, usually application software and programming software of related functionality, often sharing a more-or-less common user interface and some ability to smoothly exchange data with each other. The packages usually includes: word processing, spreadsheets, presentation, email, and database. These components are sold together and typically interface with each other.

Web Authoring

Web authoring is the process of manually writing code or using authoring tools to generate the instructions that are translated by a browser into a web page or full site. It generates the required HTML code for the pages and is able to switch back and forth (in varying degrees) between the page layout and the HTML. E.g. HTML pages, images, JavaScript or Flash, for use on the World-Wide Web. Web authoring typically does not include generating the actual text or "copy" of web pages but is chiefly concerned with its presentation.

Audio Editing Software

A digital audio editor is a computer application for audio editing, i.e. control digital audio. Digital audio editors are the main software component of a digital audio workstation. It is used for use with speech and for music.

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Bitmap image

A bitmap is a type of graphic composed of pixels in a grid. Each pixel or "bit" contains color information for the image. Bitmap graphics formats have a fixed resolution which means that resizing a bitmap graphic can result in distortion and jagged edges. The BMP format stores color data for each pixel in the image without any compression. Some common bitmap formats are GIF, JPG or JPEG, TIFF, PNG, PICT, PCX, and BMP.

Desktop Publishing Program

Desktop publishing software is a tool for both graphic designers and non-designers to create visual communications for professional or desktop printing. Also Known As:  DTP | graphic design | electronic publishing | computer publishing

HTML Editor 

An HTML editor, also called an authoring tool, is a software application for creating web pages which inserts HTML code as you create a HTML file. Some editors will provide a word processing GUI enabling users to create HTML documents without knowing any HTML code. It assists the HTML author by cataloging all HTML tags and common structures in menus and by being able to catch certain syntax errors. It often displays tags and contents in colors so they pop out for easy reference

Image Editor

Software that allows images to be edited and also converted to different graphics formats. Image editors typically deal with only bitmapped images such as GIFs, JPEGs and BMPs; however, some editors support both bitmaps and illustrations. Common functions are manually cropping and resizing the image and using "filters" to adjust brightness, contrast and colors.

Multimedia

Multimedia is media and content that uses a combination of different content that forms electronic media devices used to store and experience multimedia content. The term is used in contrast to media which only use traditional forms of printed or hand-produced material. Multimedia includes a combination of text, audio, still images, animation, video, and interactivity content forms.

Vector Image

Vector graphics/ image is the use of geometrical primitives such as points, lines, curves, and shapes or polygon(s), which are all based on mathematical equations, to represent images in computer graphics. The vector image usually contains very little data, like the starting point (pixel) of the object, what kind of object it is, its size, and color. When the image is rasterized, the vector information is converted into a bitmap using a RIP (Raster Image Processor). Rescaling can be performed with greater accuracy than with raster data.